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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the one to two weeks before a woman's period. Symptoms often vary between women and resolve around the start of bleeding. Common symptoms include acne, tender breasts, bloating, feeling tired, irritability, and mood changes. Often symptoms are present for around six days. A woman's pattern of symptoms may change over time.〔 Symptoms do not occur during pregnancy or following menopause. Diagnosis requires a consistent pattern of emotional and physical symptoms occurring after ovulation and before menstruation to a degree that interferes with normal life. Emotional symptoms must not be present during the initial part of the menstrual cycle. A daily list of symptoms over a few months may help in diagnosis. Other disorders that cause similar symptoms need to be excluded before a diagnosis is made.〔 The cause of PMS is unknown. Some symptoms may be worsened by a high-salt diet, alcohol, or caffeine. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve changes in hormone levels.〔 Reducing salt, caffeine, and stress along with increasing exercise is typically all that is recommended in those with mild symptoms.〔 Calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be useful in some.〔 Anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen may help with physical symptoms.〔 In those with more significant symptoms birth control pills or the diuretic spironolactone may be useful.〔〔 Up to 80% women report having some symptoms prior to menstruation. These symptoms qualify as PMS in 20 to 30% of pre-menopausal women. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more severe form of PMS that has greater psychological symptoms.〔〔 PMDD affects three to eight percent of pre-menopausal women.〔 Antidepressant medication of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors class may be used in addition to usual measures for in PMDD.〔 ==Signs and symptoms== More than 200 different symptoms have been associated with PMS. Common emotional and non-specific symptoms include stress, anxiety, difficulty in falling asleep (insomnia), headache, fatigue, mood swings, increased emotional sensitivity, and changes in libido.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 date=November 2005 )〕 Physical symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle include bloating, lower back pain, abdominal cramps, constipation/diarrhea, swelling or tenderness in the breasts, cyclic acne, and joint or muscle pain, and food cravings. 〔 The exact symptoms and their intensity vary significantly from woman to woman, and even somewhat from cycle to cycle and over time.〔 Most women with premenstrual syndrome experience only a few of the possible symptoms, in a relatively predictable pattern.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「premenstrual syndrome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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